Introduction to Surface Analysis

microleakage evaluation in regard to cavo-surface designs & treatments

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Introduction to Surface Plasmon Resonance

Since its first observation by Wood in 1902 [1,2], the physical phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) has found its way into practical applications in sensitive detectors, capable of detecting sub-monomolecular coverage. What is surface plasmon resonance? Wood observed a pattern of ‘‘anomalous’’ dark and light bands in the reflected light, when he shone polarized light on a mirror with ...

Introduction to Theoretical Surface Science

Recent years have seen a tremendous progress in the microscopic theoretical treatment of surfaces and processes on surfaces. While some decades ago a phenomenological thermodynamic approach was dominant, a variety of surface properties can now be described from first principles, i.e. without invoking any empirical parameters. Consequently, the field of theoretical surface science is no longer l...

An Introduction to Speech Sciences (Acoustic Analysis of Speech)

Speech sciences deal with the acoustical characteristics of speech by means of sophisticated soft wares as well as hard wares. Although, a speech science is a well known science in the developed countries, especially the western societies, however, it has been remained almost unknown in Iran, though, in recent years a group of scholars have been involved in this branch of science. The applicati...

An Introduction to Sociolinguistics